Physiological Stress Response - Incapacitating Effect

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Physiological Stress Response: Its Effects on the Body

In the present world more and more people are experiencing stress. The physiological effects of stress occur as a result of certain practical adjustments that occur in the body which are meant for the body to handle stress powerfully. This article includes:

What is the physiological effects of stress?
How fight or flight response takes place?
What is physiological stress response?
Can increase in blood pressure be treated as a biological effect of stress?

In the world of modern era, there are more competitions, more expectations and more dangers and naturally, all these lead to stress. Stress can be defined as the normal physiological response of the body to any hostile situation or stimulus. The physiological effects of stress occur as a result of certain functional adjustments that occur in the body which are meant for the body to handle stress efficiently. If this response to the physiological effects of stress is not there, then the person would succumb to the hostility of the environment. Stress can affect anyone and it affects everyone at some part of their life.

Physiological Effects of Stress

The physiological effects of stress are measures taken by the body to tackle the stressful condition.

Milieu Interior

Living things especially humans are wonderful creations of god. Human body is a complex organization of various systems which function hand in hand. All the functions are done only if the interior environment of the body is optimal. The internal environment includes the chemical substances and the pH, both inside and outside the cells. The optimal range is very narrow (Table1) and the body strive very hard to keep everything within these narrow physiological stress limits. This is called 'Milieu Interior or Internal Homeostasis'.

	Analysis	Reference Range
1.	pH	7.36 - 7.45
2.	Bicarbonate	21 - 27.5 m mol / l
3.	Oxygen saturation	Normally > 97%
4.	Glucose	3.6 - 6.8 m mol / l

If the internal homeostasis is disturbed, then certain compensatory adjustments take place. The disturbing factor could be an infectious disease, a non infectious disease or simply any stress. If the disturbing factor is stress, then the body secretes certain stress hormones to tackle the situation with a response called the Fight or the flight response.

Fight or flight response

When the body is exposed to a stressful condition, the hypothalamus situated in the brain (hypothalamus is concerned with the secretion and control of the different hormones of the body) secrete adrenocorticotrophic releasing hormone (ARH). This hormone stimulates the pituitary gland which is situated below the hypothalamus to secrete Adrenocorticotrophic hormone(ACTH).This hormone in turn stimulates the adrenal or the suprarenal glands situated on the top of the kidney to secrete the stress hormones namely the adrenaline and the cortisol. These two hormones are responsible for the physiological effects of stress through the' fight or flight response' by making certain functional adjustments (Table2).